| Related sites for http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~loui/ |
| Mantaras,_Ramon_Lopez_de Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) and Deputy Director of the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the CSIC. AI and music, qualitative approaches to landmark-based robot navigatio | | Martin,_James University of Colorado, Boulder. Empirical metaphor research, latent semantic analysis, information retrieval, co-author of "Speech and Language Processing" with Dan Jurafsky. | | Massa,_Paolo Phd student at Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (IRST) in Italy. | | McCoy,_Kathleen University of Delaware. Rehabilitation engineering, writing tool for American Sign Language, natural language generation, text summarization, graph summarization. | | McDermott,_Drew Extensive work in logic, planning, and robotics, also known for his blunt public appraisals of the state of AI research. Interviewed in Crossroads, the student magazine of the ACM. | | McGuinness,_Deborah Researcher in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Systems. Co-designer and developer of CLASSIC and Chimaera among others. Associate Director of the Knowledge Systems Laboratory at Stanford Unive | | McRoy,_Susan University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Dialog theory, natural language generation, argumentation theory, intelligent tutoring systems. | | McTear,_Mike University of Ulster at Jordanstown. Dialogue modelling, natural language processing, computational linguistics, user modelling. | | Meila,_Marina University of Washington. Machine learning, probabilistic reasoning, graphical probability models, tree belief networks and mixtures of trees, maximum entropy discrimination, spectral clustering and i | | Miller,_Tristan German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Management Group. Computational linguistics, automatic summarization, information retrieval, latent semantic analysis, computers and so | | Mitrovic,_Nikola University of Zaragoza. Ph.D. student. Mobile agents, intelligent user interfaces, adaptive user interfaces, mobile applications. | | Monz,_Christof Research interests: Computational Linguistics, Information Retrieval, Automated Deduction. Site lists on-line publications, projects, activities, and contact info. | | Moore,_Johanna_D_ University of Edinburgh. Computational modeling of tutorial dialogue, multimedia explanation, integrated techniques for interpretation and generation, patient education. | | Murray,_Arthur_T_ Aka Mentifex. Author of a theory of mind, proof-of-concept software and the book "AI4U". | | Musick,_Ron iKuni Inc. Automated induction, machine learning, and scientific data management. | | Nebel,_Bernhard Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany. Professor. Knowledge representation, planning, and robotics, with an emphasis on robotic soccer. | | Norvig,_Peter Artificial Intelligence, natural language, Lisp and Java in AI. Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center. | | Novick,_David University of Texas at El Paso. Department of Computer Science Chair. Spoken dialog models, mediated communication, user interface development methodologies. | | Olier,_Ivan Technical University of Catalonia. Unsupervised learning, probabilistic neural network, data mining. | | Pan,_Jeffrey_Junfeng Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Data mining, machine learning, optimization, mobile computing and information retrieval. | | Parsons,_Lance Arizona State University. Data mining, unsupervised learning, bioinformatics. | | Paszke,_Łukasz Instytute of Hydro-Engineering PAS, Gdańsk, Poland. Application of artificial intelligence in the prediction of waves and water levels. | | Pelikan,_Martin Director of the Missouri Estimation of Distribution Algorithms Laboratory (MEDAL), University of Missouri in St. Louis. Research interests: Evolutionary computation, Bayesian networks, machine learnin | | Pellier,_Damien CRIP5 - Paris 5 Laboratory. Multi-agent systems, planning and scheduling, distributed problem solving, cooperative robotics. | | Pennock,_David_M_ Yahoo! Research Labs. Electronic commerce, internet statistics, uncertain reasoning, decision theory, market approaches to group coordination, multiagent systems. | | Peshkin,_Leon Harvard Medical School. Systems Biology. Baysian information extraction, reinforcement learning, text summarization. | | Picard,_Rosalind MIT. Affective computing, texture and pattern modeling, video and image browsing, retrieval and annotation. | | Pietruszkiewicz,_Wieslaw Szczecin Technical University (Poland). Machine learning and knowledge (data) mining, optimal (kalman) filtering, expert and decision support systems. | | Pinheiro_da_Silva,_Paulo Stanford University. Explanations for semantic web tasks, semantic web tools and infrastructure, model-based user interfaces, formal specification and verification of interactive systems. | | Pizzuti,_Stefano ENEA. Evolutionary algorithms, fuzzy logic based systems, evolutionary neural networks. Application to financial and energy industrial problems. | | Planes,_Jordi Escola Universitària Politècnica. Max-SAT, smart cards. | | Popple,_James Australian National University. Legal expert systems. | | Powers,_David The Flinders University of South Australia. Natural language learning, unsupervised learning, data mining, home automation, web search. | | Pratt,_Lorien Neural network researcher and telecommunications analyst. Resume, links, personal information. | | Qu,_Yan Carnegie Mellon University. Information retrieval, extraction and management, natural language processing, Chinese computing, dialog and discourse processing, machine translation, cooperative human-c | | Quattoni,_Ariadna Mount Holyoke. Synthesizing vision, language, and learning. Natural language interfaces to vision. | | Raina,_Rajat Stanford University. Question answering systems, machine learning, probabilistic models, robotics. | | Reitter,_David University of Edinburgh. Multimodal systems, natural language generation, structural priming/alignment in dialogue, rhetorical analysis. | | Riazanov,_Alexandre North Side Inc. Computer assisted reasoning, automated theorem proving, term indexing. | | Rich,_Charles MERL Cambridge Research. Collaborative interface agents, task modeling, COLLAGEN, intelligent tutoring. |
|
Ronald P. Loui, R. P. Loui, R. Loui, R. Prescott Loui, RPL, Ronald Prescott Loui, RPLoui, RLoui, Ronald Loui, Ron Loui OLDWEB ·G ·FAC ·WU ·SEAS ·CSE ·LIB ·GM ·HALF ·EB ·AUC ·DICT ·SEE ·ISI ·TFB ·T ·W ·10D ·48H ·EQ ·STL ·MO Department of Computer Science and Engineering Box 1045 One Brookings Drive Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO 63130 USA 314.935.6102(msg) 314.935.7302(fax) r.p.loui@gmail.com Full CV in pdf Short Non-academic CV in pdfurlsstlschRonald P. LouiAssociate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering          Email is r.p.loui@gmail.com. Please note that loui@cs.wustl.edu, loui@cse.wustl.edu, and loui@ai.wustl.edu are deprecated! NEWSProfessor Loui was on sabbatical during the 07-08 year, volunteeringon the Obama campaign (knocking, walking, phoning, busing, blogging,buying, publishing, emailing, facebooking, interviewing, rallying,donating, reading, writing, rebutting, researching, webposting,wikipedaeing, commenting, pin wearing, flag flying, JoeBidenning,journalist armtwisting, Ohio relocating, cafe chatting, pin distributing,bookgifting, hornhonking, signposting, smiling, thinking, believing,and proudly standing in some very long lines! i.e., just like all therest of us). Currently he is a full-time consultant for Cycorp in Austin, TX,on loan to the Heart and Vascular Institute at Cleveland Clinic workingon natural language interfaces to semantic web databases in health careIT, intelligence, and government. Prof. Loui and Prof. Lockwood (now at Stanford) recently completeda contract with SAIC and intelligence agencies developing datamininghardware for internet interventions. While you may have read aboutsimilar projects, ours had constant legal oversight and was consideredby Congress a project too important to terminate. The company we spun out, GV, was just named Missouri TechnologyCompany of the Year, 2008 (and best start-up a few years back). Congratulations to former intern Scott Hassan for finally getting hisdue recognition for having written the google prototype, backrub,for fellow Stanford MS students Brin and Page (for example here).Scott got his python from Steve Cousins who mentored him at the Wash Umedical libraries group, and I am proud to say I pulled his resume fromthe pile and placed him in that group with Professor Frisse. I tried mybest to get Scott's "unsung-hero" story out there in last month's IEEEComputer article on scripting. Also congratulationsto Avie Tevanian, recently CTO of Apple, my fellow grad student atRochester, who wrote or supervised the development of all of Apple'soperating systems since, well, the NeXt days. See, for example, here.Avie is finally leaving Apple, and the company will sadly be a lesserplace. We buy stock in Apple because of its stable OS, not because ofthe iPhone or iTunes. To those who would like Larry Summers' brilliance at Treasurywithout his bull-in-a-china-shop personality, how about Brad DeLong?Brad co-authored half of his mentor's academic career. Brad is consideredjust as brilliant as Summers, except that he is better received byhis peers. Brad has been preparing himself for Secretary of Treasurysince childhood. Brad was even one step away from the position when theClinton administration ended. He might have been Hillary's top pick,but he was a very early public supporter of Obama. To a future US Executive CTO: Some of the obviouspriorities would be to support Treasury, homeland security, defense,and intelligence. The next concerns would be physical infrastructureand human infrastructure, especially education, energy, and long termGDP-economic issues. But eventually the legacy would be creatingegovernment that is worthy of our democratic traditions. In 100 years,no one will remember search engines and browsers as a big deal, butpeople will be talking about how we used those technologies to improveaccess, deliberation, trust, and oversight to perfect our politicalinstitutions. Have a close look at the technologies in AI and Law,where better government use of IT has always been envisioned. HTML,Semantic Web, search engines, and bottom-up interfaces to government allhave roots in AI and Law research. Also consider the reestablishment ofa UNIX center of excellence for national strategic reasons. And considera split of the NSF so that engineering research and education are nothindered by a funding model tailored for science (technology is betterfunded as DARPA/ARDA/DTO, but this funding model need not be specific todefense or intelligence).A google for government, yes, but alsoa youtube for CSPAN, anda facebook for elected officials and bureaucrats, anda wikipedia for legislation, anda public use of wireless spectrum, not just a bunch of placeholdersfor future speculation.NOT NEWSPragmatics Mantra (Part One) for ProgrammersEasy is not wrong.Program by saying simple, normal things.Cleanliness is all we ask of syntax and semantics.More programming theory does not make better programmers.Don't let old/compiler people tell you what language to use.Maximize independence: strong fences make good components.You can't use a namespace if everyone else has used it as their sewer.If there is already a way of doing something, do not invent a harder way.Listen to people who program, not to people who want to tell you how to program.Ask not what a programming language can do; ask what a programming language can do for you.(see also the Project Management Advice for students in CS436S Software Engineering Workshop ...) Some Obama images: St. Louis campaigner Jen Haro got me close enoughin May to remind him he signed my fifth grade yearbook; Some presidentialsignatures with Obama's mixed in; The New York Times keeps printingour class photo without my permission(!) -- I am in the front row on theleft; A letter from Harvard Law School in 1990; Our AI and Law conferencehome page showing Obama as the banquet speaker (see below).     From BObama@XX.X Sat Nov 11 20:04 CST 2000Received: from imo-d09.mx.XX.X (imo-d09.mx.XX.X [205.188.157.41]) by taumsauk.cs.wustl.edu (8.9.1/8.9.1) with ESMTP id UAA22598 for ; Sat, 11 Nov 2000 20:04:37 -0600 (CST)From: BObama@XX.XReceived: from BObama@XX.X by imo-d09.mx.XX.X (mail_out_v28.32.) id a.16.4c4cae2 (24899) for ; Sat, 11 Nov 2000 21:04:05 -0500 (EST)Message-ID: Date: Sat, 11 Nov 2000 21:04:05 ESTSubject: Re: To: loui@cs.wustl.eduMIME-Version: 1.0Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bitX-Mailer: Windows AOL sub 114Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"Content-Length: 977Status: RORon:Great to hear from you! My students told me you were in town; had I known, I would have made a point of coming to the discussion.As for the banquet, I'm flattered by the request. Two concerns. First, the end of May is typically the end of our legislative session, which means that I may be tied up in Springfield during the banquet. I won't know the specific schedule for the year for another month probably. Of course, St. Louis is only an hour and a half from Springfield, so if I am in session, but the banquet is during down time for us, I'd be happy to come down.The other concern is whether you really want to hear from a constitutional lawyer who is still trying to figure out all these rapid developments in technology.Anyway, once you guys have a date, why don't you contact my assistant, Jennifer Mason, at senobama@XX.X, and we'll see what we can work out.Your work sounds fascinating, and I look forward to hearing more about.Barry(Click here for more of this correspondence.) Professor Schauer lecturing in place of Barack Obama in the OldCourthouse where Abraham Lincoln argued for the rights of the rail overthe riverboat, and Dred Scott argued his right to be freed from slavery.(Actually we wanted Senator Obama in the Old Courthouse first, thenshifted him to banquet speaker, suggesting as topic how technology couldhelp democratize access to the law and to government. Emeritus DeanDorsey Ellis of the Law School was the actual replacement banquet speaker.) 2007 Presidential Campaign Contributions BY Self-Reported Occupation and EmployerWikipedia Punahou School People (Short List) snapshot and current versionWikipedia Punahou School People (Long List) snapshot and current version Recently teaching: CSE100 (Computing Tools, Fall and Spring) CSE104 (Web Development, Fall) CSE513A (Graduate AI Programming Project, Fall) CSE547T (Formal Languages and Automata, Spring) Visitor hosting in 2006: Ben Goertzel (3/3)NIH gene-finding investigator and machine cognition guru David Goldberg (3/4)most cited author in cs (textbook on genetic algorithms) Lotfi Zadeh (4/21)father of fuzzy logicPublic talks in 2006: UIUC Urbana AIVR (Fall)Olin Women's Graduate Fellowship Conference, Temple Grandin panelist (Fall)JURIX keynote speaker Paris (Winter)Yeshiva NYC Law School conference on graphical presentation of evidence (Winter)UMSL CS (Spring)From the cell phone:  the sorbonne at night (JURIX)  eiffel tower down the hill (JURIX)  inside the french senat (JURIX)  old lisboa and giraffe (CMSRA)Recently funded as co-PI on U.S. Government subcontracts with PI Lockwood (now at Stanford), co-PI PlessLockwood-Pachos-Moscola-Loui (LPML) collaboration began April 2001 and FPgrep/FPsed notarized August 2001The LPML patent helped start "the #1 tech startup in St. Louis" according to the RCGA If you would like a network appliance that can: Suppress viruses as soon as they are known Classify and tag spam and spim Log keyword occurrences in packets Block, drop, or re-route traffic based on packet contents Mark up or translate text as it flows by ...all at OC-48 line speed... Then Global Velocity has a content-based firewall for you. They're affordable. Ask your sysadmins why they haven't already bought one. Disclosure: Prof. Loui and his group have received research funding through Global Velocity in the recent past, for the development of other devices related to national security. Papers expected in 2007-2008 (some w/co-authors): "Study of journal citations for 100 US CS departments" "Streaming AI: how much intelligence at network speed?" Papers appearing 2005-2008 (some w/co-authors): "In praise of scripting" "High speed identification of language and script" "Dynamics of rule revision in legislative games" "Game mechanisms and procedural fairness" "Citation-based study of Toulmin" "Mathematical difference between legal & scientific theory formation" "Hardware accelerated algorithms for semantic processing" "Information processing at very high ingestion rates" "Transformation algorithms for data streams" "A modest proposal for annotating the dialectical state of a dispute" "Streaming hierarchical clustering for concept mining" "Sensitivity analysis of gigabit concept mining system" "Purely probabilistic negotiating agents: pessimism, punishment, and laissez-faire paths" "Comment on the Cardozo conference" Well-known work (w/collaborators): Mathematical models of argument Why not tell the truth about "if ... then ..."? Logical models of analogy and precedent Why not consider the arguments of past cases? Optimal stochastic & multidimensional paths in networks Why not assign links random-variables/vectors, then maximize utility? Scripting in gawk Why not program quickly, effectively, and easily in the language of the unix gods? Philosophy of computing / philosophy of AI Why aren't games also computations? Aren't bureaucrats robots? Interval-models of probability and decision Why not build some higher-order robustness into the model? Dialogue models of negotiation Why not model the process of reaching agreement? H.L.A. Hart and defeasibility Why not give credit where credit is due? Gnu virtual memory optimizations Why not copy instead of chasing pointers on disk? FPGA hardware for high-throughput AI Why not inspect the contents of every packet in the network? Well-known dissertation students (including co-external): Guillermo Simari (D.Sc., 90) Mathematical treatment of defeasible reasoning and argumentArgentina is now known for tango and defeasible argumentation. Gadi Pinkas (D.Sc., 92) Inference in symmetric connectionist networksEverything Pinkas touches: software in the Knesset, his "perfect D.Sc. thesis", & Amdocs, turns gold. Gerard Vreeswijk (Ph.D., 93, VU Amsterdam) Defeasible reasoning and dialecticsVreeswitt is the Wijkgenstein of his generation of Dutch logicians. Diana Moore (B.Sc., 96) Negotiation and argumentParsons-Sierra-Jennings (one of the biggest works in multiagent systems) says to look to Moore. Moshe Looks (Ph.D., 07) Competent program evolutionAccelerating genetic programming so it is fast enough to be practical. Not-Quite-Wiki: Ronald Loui (b. Honolulu, 1961) is an active Americanscholar and engineer working at the interface of artificial intelligenceand philosophy. In his work he uses computation to propose new modelsfor logic, decision, and games. His models are distinctive becausethey provide mathematical description of the process, rather thanjust the outcome. He is primarily an innovator, mathematical modeler,polemicist, and consummate gawk programmer. His undergraduate dissertation (Harvard, 1982), on Optimal StochasticPaths, shared the Association for Computing Machinery UndergraduateAward and continues to have impact on communications and robotics.His doctoral dissertation (Rochester, 1987) is regarded as the firstattempt at a Mathematics of Argument and was nominated for theJOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY dissertation award. This thesis has beenuseful in AI and Law but also animates work on decisionmaking, knowledgerepresentation, discourse interpretation, and planning.His third major intellectual work (Donostia, 2003; Rochester, 2005;Urbana and Sorbonne, 2006; PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE, 2007) is apurely probabilistic model of the Process of Negotiation, whichseeks to turn attention away from Nash's game theoretic concept ofequilibrium.He recently completed work on a significant national security project withcollaborators in computer networking and datamining, and is co-patentor ofa content-based internet firewall. The results of his GAWK programmingare currently being used around the world by intelligence agencies.He is best known on the internet as the first person to write in detailabout the superiority of scripting languages ("Why GAWK for AI?", ACMSIGPLAN, 1995; see also "In Praise of Scripting," IEEE COMPUTER, 2008, toappear). Between 1992 and 1996, his research group built a legal citationdatabase and citation search engine called Room5 (ICAIL, 1997). He has had many outstanding students and research visitors over theyears: his former summer program hire, Scott Hassan left St. Louis forStanford to write backrub, the google prototype for Sergey Brin andLarry Page. Another former student and co-author of An ArgumentGame, Bill Chen, is a Berkeley Mathematics Ph.D. and WorldChampionship caliber poker player. Other notable undergraduate and summerco-authors include the co-founder of a computer security firm, the wateranimator in Riven and The Matrix III, doctorates at Berkeleyand MIT in computer science, a Ph.D. at Stanford in physics, a RhodesScholar from Harvard, and some outstanding writers, filmmakers, andprosecutors. All three of his doctoral students (Guillermo Simari, GadiPinkas, Moshe Looks) have been nominated for national dissertation awards,and all of his postdoctoral visitors (Gerard Vreeswijk, Bart Verheij,Fernando Tohme) have published in AI JOURNAL after visiting.For two decades, Ronald P. Loui was an Associate Professor of ComputerScience and Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, where hestarted after a year as a Sloan Cognitive Science Fellow (Stanford, 1988).Philosophical Family Tree from https://webspace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/philtree/philtree.html (see my list-version):Leibniz Wolff Knutzen Kant Reinhold Trendelenburg Morris Royce Cohen Nagel Kyburg>> Ron LouiSome Public Anecdotes about Some Public PersonsPragmatics Mantra (Part One) for ProgrammersSerious Philosophical QuipsProject Management Advice for students in CS436S Software Engineering WorkshopSome Remarks about Henry Kyburg as Advisor,on the Occasion of his Graduate Education Achievement AwardNotes for Speaker Tweakers -- My DIY Speaker Mods This YearCardinals Offensive Production By Player RBIPCT+OBA 2007July 21, 2008 Google Scholar Biggest WorksAnd on another topic entirely... (we built hserver long before anyone had heard of facebook!)Message-Id: Date: Thu, 26 May 94 16:31:21 EDTFrom: XX @analog.com>To: loui@cs.wustl.eduSubject: Re: let's discuss this!Content-Type: textContent-Length: 977Status: ROHi Ron, I now have 19 members of my class on my list. In fairness to them,I would like to ask them if they want to be part of your directory beforeI send you their names. I would like more information about what exactlyyou have assembled on hserver so that I can let my classmates know.I do not anticipate any objections, but I am cautious by nature and do notwant to betray any trust (however little there is) that my e-mail classmateshave in me. All I know about your directory so far is that a classmateof mine, Dan Rose at Apple Computer, told me that Lynn Stein was assemblinga Harvard/Radcliffe alumni directory. I sent her a note, and she didn'tsend anything to me, but she must have forwarded my message to you.I haven't received any information from you except that there is anaddress alumni@harvard.edu that gets forwarded to you in Saint Louis....XXDozen things you didn't know about Professor Loui: He applied only to colleges Harvard and Yale because he wanted to play full contact, full pad IM football. He has been asking his fiancé for a large-diameter bass-head tweneboa djembe drum for four years. His favorite movie is The Fountainhead. He involuntarily anticipates when clocks in a room are about to read exactly 3:14. His first programming language was BASIC (specifically HP2100 time shared BASIC). In the past two years, five Cardinals pitchers (Carpenter, Mulder, Isringhausen, Suppan and Hrabosky) have lived in his neighborhood. He thinks he just found a signed Harry Clarke etched print among the art he bought years ago in a south city dive. You be the judge. His totemic animal is the bottlenose dolphin. His dog looks like Audrey Hepburn, see here (and the Chicago Tribune's celebrity lookalike contest). His mother graduated from Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania (because Stanford Med did not accept Chinese). His childhood teams were the Chicago Cubs, the Green Bay Packers, and the Dallas Cowboys. He is NOT a baby boomer. (He's the guy who plans to be leading the X- and Y-gens when boomers retire).Last updated 9/25/06function imgon() { h1.height=80; h2.height=80; h3.height=80; h4.height=80; h5.height=80; h6.height=80; h7.height=80; h8.height=80; h9.height=80; h10.height=80;}function imgoff() { h1.height=60; h2.height=60; h3.height=60; h4.height=60; h5.height=60; h6.height=60; h7.height=60; h8.height=60; h9.height=60; h10.height=60;}          I am still finefacefotos at flickr.com(not finefacephotos!)Some of Melissa Clark's (MCLARK) stuff on ebay under the seller id collageart1013 (each ORIGINAL under $10):         moremoremoremoremore<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>Welcome back to U.S. Army Reserve Sergeant Jennie Clark from Djibouti & Kuwait withher Army Commendation Medal,and to U.S. Army Reserve Sergeant Thomas Clark from Afghanistan with his Bronze Star. Jennie is in Iraq again. "Mortar fire hits the camp every day, but the food is good."A proposed technology article for a journalist friend who waslooking to move up at the WSJ in 1998 (as solicited by hisfather, our friend and colleague, Prof. Judea Pearl): loui@csesh /home/ai/loui> ls -l wtext/wsj-rw------- 1 loui faculty 1710 Apr 9 1998 wtext/wsjloui@csesh /home/ai/loui> cat wtext/wsj WALL STREET JOURNAL (proposed article) (in-depth interest column)A Vindication of John Maynard Keynes:Computer Programs that Reason Disputationallyby Danny PearlA computer program for a new form of reasoninghas come to life in the artificial intelligencelaboratory of Washington University in St.Louis. It is the second program of its kind: anearlier program, called OSCAR, came on-line inArizona last year.These programs embody "defeasible" reasoning, orreasoning based on rules that can be defeated byother rules, or by opposing lines of argument basedon more rules.While defeasible reasoning does not allowsignificantly more intelligent behavior to bemanifest by computers today, it does open the gatesfor better computer reasoning about decision,analogy, policy, and law.The latest program is the work of students inProfessor Ronald Loui's research group:Guillermo Simari, Adam Costello, and Karl Stiefvater. Its existence represents some six years of programming effort."Actually the philosophy of this approach toreasoning dates to a dispute John Maynard Keyneshad with Bertrand Russell in Cambridge early inthis century, " says Loui. "Keynes submitted hisdissertation saying that logic should be based onargument, on what judges and lawyers do in adispute. This offended Bertrand Russell, who hadbeen working on logic as a foundation ofmathematics and had already become quitepowerful. In mathematics, a proof is a proof nomatter what anyone else has to say. In adispute, an argument survives only when there isno effective counterargument."Keynes was banished from philosophy andeconomists are forever grateful."...(Danny Pearl actually never received this proposed, unfinished text) |
|
