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Wadler: MonadsMonadsPhilip WadlerThe marriage of effects and monadsPhilip Wadler and Peter Thiemann.ACM Transactions on Computational Logic, 4(1):1-32, January 2003.Gifford and others proposed an effect typing discipline todelimit the scope of computational effects within a program, whileMoggi and others proposed monads for much the same purpose.Here we marry effects to monads, uniting two previously separate linesof research. In particular, we show that the type, region, and effectsystem of Talpin and Jouvelot carries over directly to an analogoussystem for monads, including a type and effect reconstruction algorithm. Thesame technique should allow one to transpose any effect systems into acorresponding monad system.This is the journal version of theICFP effects paper.Available in: pdf, dvi, ps, dvi.gz, ps.gz,ACM portal.The marriage of effects and monadsPhilip Wadler.International Conference on Functional Programming,Baltimore, September 1998.This is the conference version of theToCL paper.Available in: dvi, ps, dvi.gz, ps.gz,ACM portal.How to declare an imperativePhilip Wadler.ACM Computing Surveys, 29(3):240--263, September 1997.A shorter version was an invited paper at ILPS 95,appearing in John Lloyd, editor, InternationalLogic Programming Symposium, MIT Press, December 1995.This tutorial describes the use of a monad to integrateinteraction into a purely declarative language. This technique hasbeen implemented in the higher-order functional language Haskell. Asketch is given of how it might be added to a first-order language forlogic programming. Available in: dvi, ps, dvi.gz, ps.gz,ACM portal.Monads and composable continuationsPhilip Wadler.Lisp and Symbolic Computation, Special issue oncontinuations, 7(1):39-56, January 1994. Moggi's use of monads to factor semantics is used to model thecomposable continuations of Danvy and Filinski. This yields someinsights into the type systems proposed by Murthy and by Danvy andFilinski. Interestingly, modelling some aspects of composablecontinuations requires a structure that is almost, but not quite, amonad. Available in: dvi, ps, dvi.gz, ps.gz.Imperative functional programmingSimon Peyton Jones and Philip Wadler. 20'th Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, ACMPress, Charlotte, North Carolina, January 1993. We present a new model, based on monads, for performing input/outputin a non-strict, purely functional language. Itis composable, extensible, efficient, requires no extensionsto the type system, and extends smoothly to incorporate mixed-languageworking and in-place array updates. Available in: dvi, ps, dvi.gz, ps.gz,ACM portal.Monads for functional programmingPhilip Wadler.In M. Broy, editor, Marktoberdorf Summer School on Program DesignCalculi, Springer Verlag, NATO ASI Series F: Computer and systemssciences, Volume 118, August 1992. Also in J. Jeuring and E. Meijer,editors, Advanced Functional Programming, Springer Verlag,LNCS 925, 1995. Some errata fixed August 2001.The use of monads to structure functional programs is described.Monads provide a convenient framework for simulating effects found inother languages, such as global state, exception handling, output, ornon-determinism. Three case studies are looked at in detail: howmonads ease the modification of a simple evaluator; how monads act asthe basis of a datatype of arrays subject to in-place update; and howmonads can be used to build parsers. Keywords: programming languages / functional programming / categorytheory / monads / pure vs. impure functional languages / semantics /state / parsers. Available in: pdf, dvi, ps Comprehending monadsPhilip Wadler.Mathematical Structures in Computer Science,Special issue of selected papers from 6'th Conferenceon Lisp and Functional Programming, 2:461-493, 1992. Category theorists invented monads in the 1960's to conciselyexpress certain aspects of universal algebra. Functional programmersinvented list comprehensions in the 1970's to conciselyexpress certain programs involving lists. This paper shows how listcomprehensions may be generalised to an arbitrary monad, and how theresulting programming feature can concisely express in a purefunctional language some programs that manipulate state, handleexceptions, parse text, or invoke continuations. A new solution tothe old problem of destructive array update is also presented. Noknowledge of category theory is assumed. Available in: dvi, ps, dvi.gz, ps.gz.Combining monadsDavid King and Philip Wadler.Glasgow Workshop on Functional Programming,Springer Verlag Workshops in Computing Series,Ayr, July 1992. Monads provide a way of structuring functional programs. Most realapplications require a combination of primitive monads. Here wedescribe how some monads may be combined with others to yield acombined monad. Available in: dvi, ps, dvi.gz, ps.gz.The essence of functional programmingPhilip Wadler.Invited talk, 19'th Symposium on Principles of ProgrammingLanguages, ACM Press, Albuquerque, January 1992. This paper explores the use monads to structure functional programs.No prior knowledge of monads or category theory is required. Monads increase the ease with which programs may be modified. Theycan mimic the effect of impure features such as exceptions, state, andcontinuations; and also provide effects not easily achieved with suchfeatures. The types of a program reflect which effects occur. The first section is an extended example of the use of monads. Asimple interpreter is modified to support various extra features:error messages, state, output, and non-deterministic choice. Thesecond section describes the relation between monads andcontinuation-passing style. The third section sketches how monads areused in a compiler for Haskell that is written in Haskell. Available in: dvi, ps, dvi.gz, ps.gz,ACM portal. See alsoLinear logic, monads, and thelambda calculus.Nick Benton, Philip Wadler. 11'th IEEE Symposiumon Logic in Computer Science, New Brunswick,New Jersey, July 1996. Lazy vs. strict.Philip Wadler.ACM Computing Surveys, June 1996. A reflection on call-by-value.Amr Sabry and Philip Wadler.International Conference on Functional Programming,ACM Press, Philadelphia, May 1996. Philip Wadler,  |
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